Broaching lathe



Sept. 8, 1942. w. F. GROENE ET AL Re. 22,174

BROACHING LATHE Original Filed April 5. 1935 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 ma ma.

ATTORNEYS.

Sept. 8, 1942.

W. F. GROENE ETAL BROACHING LATHE Original Filed April 5. 1935 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 7 illllllllllllllllllllllil INVENTORS. MLL/AM}? GROENE, W4 15/? R. M: YER.

'lntdazm A TTOR NE YS.

P 1942- w. F. GROENE EI'AL Re. 22,174

BROACH ING LATHE Original Flled April 5. 1935 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTORS. 14 11.; Mn 1? Gkoalvs, Wm. 7157? R' MEYER) am -W A TTORNEYJ.

heismed s, 1942 UNITED STATES PATENT ori ice BIOACIIING LATHE No. 2,0,119, dated August 17, 1937, Serlal No. 14,888, April 5, 1985. Application for reinlle June 5,1941, fierial No- 896,781

29 Claims. (Cl- H8) Our invention relates to machine tools, and more especially to machines for turning by a breaching operation. Machines are known in the prior art, in which a breach has been used,

and in which there has been-a relatively short degree of relative movement of the breach and. the rotating work piece which is cut by the breach. However, so far as we are aware, there has not been provided a combination-in which the work piece rotates and the broachis moved 1 with reference thereto in a cyclical operation.

An object of our invention is to provide a circular breaching cutter which is revelved.rel-- atively slowly in cutting relation to awork' piece which is revolving relatively rapidly and at the same time providing means for feeding the circular breaching means radially toward the surface of the worksoastoproduce aflnishedsurface on said work piece. This arrangement isequally applicable when it is desired to breach an external surface, as when it is desired to breach an internal surface; the'only diflerenc'eis that in the first cascthere is aradiallyinward movement'while in thesec'ond thereis a radially outward movement.

It is-one of the objects of'ourinvention to in-' crease the efliciency oi turning with the aide! a "breach, by providing the breach in. such a form and'so relating this form of breach to a ro-' tating piece of work, as to have a continuous 3 be continuous in the same direction throughout 40 such a period as may be desired.

Also the invention is not limited to circularly arranged breaching tools, since cyclical operations do not necessarily imply circular operations within the meaning of the words as used by us.

A circular operation, however, is exemplary of our invention, and is a form which we prefer,

and which we will herein describe for the purpose of making an exemplary disclosure.

Our invention is especially applicable to the Itwillbeun-sa' derstood, however, that our invention is not lim-,

itedtothisuse.

- It is a further object of our invention prefer-. ably at the same time the cylindrical surfaces are finished, toflnish portions lying in radial directions; as for instance, the cheeks of the crank webs adjacent to the cylindrical surfaces, or the side portions of flanges, and similar portions, these operations being performed by the circular series of breach teeth while the work piece is rotating. I

A further object of our invention is to aifordthe breaching operation, by a relatively high speed oi rotation oi the work piece as compared with the speed at which the rotating work piece and the breach teeth relatively travel. Under these conditions, the work piece may be retated in such a direction that its side engaging the cutting edge of the breach teeth is moving in the direction of the relative approach of the breach teeth and work piece, so as to add the lineal velocity of rotation of the surface being.

finished to that of the relative movement of the breach teeth and work piece; orthe work piece may be rotated in the opposite direction, and the breach teeth pitched in the opposite direction, so that the lineal velocity of relative motion of breach teeth and the work piece is subtracted frem that of the surface being out by the teeth. 0 In this latter case, the speed of rotation of the work piece may be so much greater than the speed of travel '0! the rotation of the work piece and breach teeth that the subtraction is relatively insignificant. This latter kind of operation 5 affords a more gradual entrance of the teeth cutting edge into the work, with less wear and tear on the breach teeth, less strain on the machine as a whole, and in general, a smoother operation, with greater facility of providing smooth work.

More specifically, an object of our invention is to provide a circular breaching cutter which is revolved relatively slowly in cutting relation to a work piece which is revolving relatively rapidly and at the same time providing means for feeding the circular breaching means radially toward the axis of the work so as to reduce the diameter and adjacent variously extended radial surfaces or a rotating work piece.

Another object is to provide breaching cutters which have teeth arranged in a circle concentric with the axis 01' rotation of the breaching cutter. By this novel arrangement the breaching cutter may be revolved past the work as frequently as necessary to accomplish the desired machining action, .this arrangement being far more practical than using a straight tangential breaching cutter. The straight breach equivalent to the continuously rotatable circular breach would of necessity have to be too long for a practical machine to accomplish the same work done by our circular breaching arrangement.

An advantage of our breaching method is that it is especially well adapted to machining the radially extended surfaces associated with the cylindrical surfaces of a work piece. For instance, with our method the rotating breaching cutter can be started in cutting action radially far removed from the final portion of the finished surface to be machined and fed at a desired feeding rate for proper cutting action of the teeth of the breach on the radially extended faces of the work. For example, in machining the faces of the webs and counter-weights of crank shafts, which may extend radially several times the associated bearing diameter, it is necessary to remove the metal from these faces before machining can be done on the rank bearing itself. In former breaching met wherein substantially straight breaches are used, and which breaches do not have motion radially toward the axis of rotation of the work, the teeth must be arranged in radially stepped positions so as to accomplish a cutting action toward the axis of the work. The use of the stepped teeth is limited to a given depth of out which each teeth can eiiiciently take. This limitation would therefore require an impractically long breach to accomplish the same cutting action as we accomplish with our circular breaching cutter.

Further objects will appear in conjunction with the especially illustrated example, as shown in the accompanying drawings. in which:-

Fig. l is a front elevation of a single spindle lathe operating according to the principle of our invention.

Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the same.

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the same.

Fig. 4 is a vertical cross section on the line 0, 4 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of the circular breach operating upon a work piece.

Fig. 6 is a face view of the breach.

Essentially in the practice of our invention, we provide means for centering work and rotating the work. We also provide a breach, and means for moving the breach in connection with the work as the work rotates, the whole forming a cyclical operation, at least to -the extent that the breaching is automatically carried on to an extent predetermined.

In the example shown in Figs. 1 to 6, inclusive, a circular breach is rotated on an axis parallel with that of rotation of the work piece to be turned. As shown, the breach rotates in the non-cutting direction, but the work piece is retated so much more rapidly than the breach that a proper relative cutting speed is maintained. This is most clearly seen in Fig. 5. The rotation of the breach. in this example serves to bring the various teeth thereof successively into cutting position.

The machine illustrated in this example of Figs. 1 to 6, inclusive, embodies the usual design of a single spindle lathe, which has a head IIII in which is journaled the spindle for the chuck I02, with suitable driving means which needs no detailed description. It is suflicient to say that the work piece W, which as here shown is a other end centered on the center I08 mounted in the tail stock I as is usual on lathes To journaled in suitable bearings I00, I01, I08 and I (Fig. 3) fixed on a carriage or cross slide I I0, which, asseeu in Fig. 4, is mounted to slide downwardly and forwardly at right angles to the axes of the work piece and the shaft I carried by this cross slide. On an extension I II of the cross slide I II, atthe rear, is mounted an electric motor I I2. A worm gear III is fixed on the shaft I05, where it extends past the bearing I00 at the tail end of thelathe; and the cross slide IIII has a downward extension with a bearing III in which the worm shaft II! is Journaled on an axis parallel to the line of sliding of the cross slide, and this wormshaft iii haafixedon ita worm IIB meshing with the worm gear II. This worm shaft III able has fixed on it a pulley III, which is connected by a belt III with a pulley II! on the shaftofthemotor H2.

The circular-breaches I20, I20, I2I, I22, I22, I20, I20 and I2! are fixed on the shaft I00; the first two mentioned breaches I20 and I20 being grouped together near the head end of the shaft to turn the portions 0 and b of the work piece W; the breaches III and I22 turn the line bearings c and d, respectively; the breach I20 turns the line bearing e: and the group of breaches I20, I24 and I2! turn porflons of various diameter at f on the work piece W. as may be seen clearly in Fig. l. The work piece 'W is rotated at a relatively high speed by the chuck I02, and the breaches are rotated at a relatively low speed by the motor II2 through the speed reducing transmission constituted by the pulleys and belt, and the worm and worm gear.

As here shown, the edges of the teeth of each breach may be all on a single circle concentric with the axis of rotation of the breach, as exemplified by the teeth I20 of the breach I22 shewninl'lg. 5. Also, as shown in Fig. 6, the teeth preferably are of the herring-bone type, a single brooch being made up of sections I220 and I221: fitted together with inter-enga in D rtions I21. Such a breach is designed for as many revolutions in the course of a finishing operation as may be desired, accompanied by a suitable rate of feed.

As shown here, particularly in Fig. 4, the feed is effected by means of a cam member I28, slidable in guides I2! in a housing I20 parallel with the axes of the work piece and breaches, and having a form bar III fixed thereon, which bar is understood to be suitably inclined relative to said axu; so that rollers I22, joumaled on the bottemof the cross slide III and closely straddling the form bar I", will cause cross feeding of the slide or'carrlage IIO due to the sliding of the cam member as in its guides in.

This can member I20 has a rack III, with which meshes a pinion Ill fixed on a shaft I30, jeumaled in the lathe bed, and having a squared rear end portion I20, to which a crank may be applied for hand feed in either direction.

The homing 330 is mounted on guides I31 on the lathe bed, to be slidable parallel with the axes of the work piece and breaches, and it encloses a cam drum I30, splined on a shaft I30 thatextendsthroughandhasbearingsinthe head andtailends of'the housing I30. It will be understood that this shaft I29 is suitably geared to the driving means at the head end of the lathe shafahasoueendheldinthechucklfl,

the

the rear of the tallstock I04 a shaft I00 is aarn.

splined connection permits the housing ill to be adiusted along the axis of turning of the lathe,

to apply the brooches at desired places therealong. This adjustment is effected by means of a rack ill fixed on the lathe bed next to the lower rear housing, guides I" and a pinion Ill meshingwiththisrack Iandflxedonthc shaft of a crank handle ill, which shaft is Journaled in a bearing Ill fixed to and depending from the lower rear part of the housing I". From the foregoing explanation, the operation of the device of Figs. 1 to 6, inclusive, will be clear.

Modifications may be made in our invention without departing from the spirit thereof.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:-

1. In a breaching lathe, a rotatable work holder, means for rotating said work holder, a work piece in said work holder, a rotatable breaching means having cutting teeth arranged in a circle concentric with the axis of rotation of said breaching means, means for rotating said breaching means, and means for moving said breaching means, while rotating, relative to said work piece, while rotating, so that said work piece will be machined by breaching.

2. In a breaching lathe, a rotatable work holder, means for rotating said work holder at cutting speed, a work piece in said work holder, a rotatable breaching means having cutting teeth arranged in a circle concentric with the axis of retation of said breaching means, means for retat-- ing said breaching means at feeding speed, and means for causing relative movement between the axis of rotation of said work piece and the axis of rotation of said breaching means.

3. In a machine fonbroaching portions of crank shafts, a rotatable work holder driving means for rotating said work holder, a rotatable breaching cutter having its cutting teeth arranged in a circle concentric with its axis of rotation and having cutting teeth presented axially thereof, means for rotating said breaching cutter, means for causing relative feeding of said breaching cutter, while rotating, and said work piece, while rotating, so that the bearing surfaces and associated various radially extended surfaces may be machined by breaching.

4. In a breaching lathe, breaching means having a series of breach teeth arranged in conformity to a prearranged circular path of travel of the work, a work holder, means for causing rotation of a workpiece held therein, means for causing said work holder to follow said circular path of travel, and means for causing relative radial movement between said breach teeth and said axis of rotation of said work piece.

5. In a breaching lathe, a work holder, means for causing rotation of a work piece held therein, a rotatable breaching cutter having teeth presented in a circle concentric with its axis of rotation,

means for producing relative circular movement a between said breach teeth and the work piece held in said work holder, the relative movement of the breach teeth and work holder and the retation of the work holder being in the same direction and the breach teeth having their cutting edges presented in the opposite direction, and means for moving said cutter radially of the axis of rotation of said work piece.

6. A machine as set forth in claim 5 in which the relative circular movement of the breach teeth and work holder and the rotation of the work thcbroachtcethhavetheircutflngcdgesmted inthc direction of said relative movunent.

,7. Aprocessofbroachingaretatingworkpiececemprisingsubiccting said work piece while nototing at relatively high speed toflic'actionof a circular breaching cutter rotating at relatively lowspeedbycausingrelativcmevementbetwecn the respective axes of rotation of said work piece and said breaching putter. Y

8. Aprecessofbroachingarotatingworkpicce which comprises rotating said work piece, simultaneouslypreducing a relative movement of said work piece and a breach along a H a n line of arrangement of teeth of said breach, and also simultaneously moving said breach radially of the axis of rotation of said work piece to produce a progressive cutting action of said breach on said work piece.

9. The method of working metal which comprises supporting a workpiece adjacent a rotatable breaching cutter having-helically arranged cutting m, simultaneously rotating the work piece at cutting speed, and moving the work piece radially toward the axis of the cutter to eilect a feeding movement between the work piece and the cutter.

10. In a breaching lathe, a rotatable work holder, a work piece in said work holder, a rotatable breaching cutter, means for rotating said work holder and said breaching cutter so that the peripheral speed of the work piece will be relatively greater than the peripheral speed of said broaching cutter, and means for causing a relative feeding movement between the axes of the work piece and the cutter.

11. A breaching lathe comprising, a rotatable taneously rotating said work holder, producing said relative travel, and moving said breaching means radially of the axis of rotation of said work piece.

13. A breaching lathe comprising, a rotatable work holder, a rotatable breaching means, and means for simultaneously rotating said work holder, rotating said breaching means, and callsing relative movement between the axes of said work holder and said breaching means.

14. A breaching lathe comprising, a rotatable work holder, a rotatable breaching means having cutting teeth arranged in a predetermined circular path of relative travel between said teeth and a work piece held in said work holder, and means for simultaneously rotating said work holder, producing said relative travel, and bodily moving said breaching means radially of the axis of rotation of said work piece.

l5. In a crankshaft breaching lathe means for chucking and rotating a crankshaft, br-raching means, and means'fer simultaneously rotating said crankshaft, moving said breaching means radially of the axis of rotation of said crankshaft in said lathe and moving said broaching means substantially perpendicularly to said line of radial movement whereby bearing portions and associated surfaces may be machined on said crankshaft.

16. In a crankshaft breaching lathe, means for chucking and rotating a crankshaft with its line bearings, flange and stub ends displaced from said m'eans, breaching means, and means for simultaneously rotating said crankshaft,moving said breaching means radially of the axis of rotation of said crankshaft in said lathe, and moving said breaching means substantially perpendicularly to said line of radial movement whereby the line bearings, flange and stub ends of said crankshaft may be simultaneously finished by breaching.

17. In a crankshaft breaching lathe, means for chucking and rotating a crankshaft, rotatable breaching means, and means for simultaneously rotating said crankshaft, rotating said breaching means, and causing relative movement between the axis of rotation of said crankshaft and the axis of rotation of said broaching means whereby bearing portions and associated surfaces may be machined on said crankshaft.

1B. In a crankshaft breaching lathe, means for chucking and rotating a crankshaft with its line bearings, flange and stub ends displaced from said means, rotatable breaching means, and means for simultaneously rotating said crankshaft, rotating said breaching means, and causing relative movement between the axis of rotation of said crankshaft and the axis of retation of said breaching means whereby said line bearings, flange and stub ends of said crankshaft may be simultaneously machined by breaching.

19. In a breaching lathe, a rotatable work holder, a work piece in said work holder, a retatable breaching cutter, means for rotating the breaching cutter and means for simultaneously rotating the work holder at a greater peripheral speed than the breaching cutter and causing relative movement between the axes of rotation of the work piece and of the breaching cutter.

20. In a breaching lathe, a rotatable work holder, a work piece in said work holder, a breaching means having breaching teeth arranged in a path of travel substantially tangent to a cylindrical surface to be machined on said work piece, and means for simultaneously rotating said work holder, moving said teeth in said path of travel, and bodily moving said breaching means relative to the axis of rotation of said work piece.

21. In a breaching lathe, a rotatable work holder, 9, work piece in said work holder, a retary breaching means having breaching teeth arranged in a circular path of travel substantially tangent to a cylindrical surface to be machined on said work piece, and means for simultaneously rotating said work holder, moving said teeth in said path of travel, and bodily moving said breaching means relative to the axis of retation of said work piece.

22. A breaching machine for finishing a work piece having a surface of revolution comprising a frame, a work support on said frame, driving means on said frame for rotating said work support, a tool carriage mounted on said frame for movement toward and from said work support, a tool support on said carriage, a breaching tool on said support, m'eans for rotating said tool support and feeding means for said carriage comprising means for moving said carriage toward said work support axis, said last named means including a cam formed to cooperate with said tool carriage to control the rate of feed near depth to finish said work piece.

23. A breaching machine for finishing a workpiece having a surface of revolution comprising a frame, heads on said frame for mounting said workpiece, driving means for rotating said workpiece. ways on said frame, a tool carriage on said frame guided by said ways toward and away from said workpiece, a motor on said carriage, means for supporting a tool on said carriage, connections between said tool and said last-mentioned motor for driving said tool from said motor independently of said workpiece, a third driving means on said frame, and means driven by said third driving means for feeding said carriage a predetermined distance toward said workpiece and return.

24. A breaching machine for finishing a workpiece having a surface of revolution comprising a frame, a work support on said frame, driving means on said frame for rotating said work support, a tool carriage mounted on said frame for movement toward and from said work support, a tool support on said carriage, a breaching tool on said support, means for rotating said tool support, and feeding means for said carriage comprising means for moving said carriage toward said work support at feeding speeds, to control the rate of feeding movement near depth to finish said workpiece.

25. A breaching machine for finishing a workpiece having a surface of revolution comprising a frame, heads on said rrame for mounting said workpiece, driving means for rotating said workpiece, ways on said frame, a tool carriage on said frame guided by said ways toward and away from said workpiece, a motor on said carriage, means for supporting a tool on said carriage, connections betweensaid tool and said last-mentioned motor for driving said tool from said motor independently ef said workpiece, and means independent of said other driving means for feeding said carriage a predetermined distance toward said workpiece and return.

26. A breaching machine for finishing a workpiece having a surface of revolution comprising a frame, heads on said frame for mounting said workpiece, driving means for rotating said workpiece, ways on said frame, a tool carriage on said frame guided by said ways toward and away from said workpiece, a motor on said carriage, means for supporting a tool on said carriage, connections between said tool and said last-mentioned motor for driving said tool from said motor independently of said workpiece, a third driving means independent of said driving means, and means driven by said third driving means for feeding said carriage a predetermined distance toward said workpiece and return.

27. A breaching machine for finishing a workpiece having a surface of-revolutien comprising a frame, heads on said frame for mounting said workpiece, driving means for rotating said workpiece, ways on said frame. a tool carriage on said frame guided by said ways toward and away from said workpiece, a motor on said carriage, means for supporting a tool on said carriage, connections between said tool and said last-mentioned motor for driving said tool from said motor independently of said workpiece, and means independent of said other driving means for manually feeding said carriage a predetermined distance toward said workpiece and return.

28. A breaching machine for finishing a workpiece having a surface of revolution comprising a frame, heads on said frame formulating said workpiece, driving means for rotating said workpiece, ways on said frame, a tool carriage on said frame guided by said ways toward and away from said workpiece, a motor on said'carriage, means for supporting, a tool on said carriage, connections between said tool and said last-mentioned motor for driving said tool from maid motor independently of said workpiece, and means on said frame independent of said other driving means for feeding said carriage a predetermined distance toward said workpiece and return.

29. A breaching machine for finishing a workpiece having a surface of revolution comprising frame guided by said a frame, heads on said frame for mounting said workpiece. driving means for rotating said wor piece, ways on said frame, a tool carriage on said ways toward and away from said workpiece, a motor on said carriage, means for supporting a tool on said carriage. connections between said tool and said last-mentioned motor for driving said tool from said motor independently of said workpiece, a third actuator independent oisaid driving means. and means driven by said third actuator for feeding said carriage a predetermined distance toward said workpiece and return.

, F. GROENE.

WALTER R, MEYER.

DISCLAIMER Re. 22,174.William F. Grams and Walter R. Meyer, Cincinnati, Ohio. BROACHING LATHE. Patent dated September 8, 1942. Disclaimer filed Mai 10, 1943, by the inventors; the assignee, The R. K. Le Blond Machine Too Company, assenting.

Hereby enter this disclaimer to claims 1, 3, 4, 7, and 8 of acid specification.

[Ofiicial Gazette June 1, 1943.] 

